In the event that the size of the tables do not make it obvious which one is the fact table, the FACT hint allows one to specify this directly. Star query optimization or star query transformation will take place on this basis. SELECT /*+ FACT (transactions) */ b.office_name, t.time_id, SUM(f.number_shares) FROM transactions f, stocks s, brokerages b, time t WHERE f.stock_id = s.stock_id AND f.brokerage_id = b.brokerage_id AND f.time_id = t.time_id AND b.region = 'Central' AND t.season = 'Spring' AND s.industry = 'Banking' GROUP BY b.office_name, t.time_id;